Skip to Main Content

Research Guides

UGST 181 - Honors Family Meeting (Fall 2023)

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Sources

Primary Sources

Primary sources are original sources upon which other research is often based. It has not been filtered through analysis or evaluation and is fixed in the time period involved.  The table below includes types of sources that are often, though not always, primary sources.

Original Documents

Creative Works

Relics or Artifacts

Original Research

  • Autobiographies
  • Diaries
  • Interviews
  • Letters
  • Manuscripts
  • News film footage
  • Official Records
  • Social media posts
  • Speeches
  • Art
  • Drama
  • Music
  • Novels
  • Poetry
  • Buildings
  • Clothing
  • Furniture
  • Pottery

 

  • Conference proceedings
  • Data sets
  • Journal articles (research based)
  • Theses and dissertations

Secondary Sources

Secondary sources are often created using primary sources.  They typically involve analysis or evaluation of primary sources, typically with the benefit of hindsight or distance from the time period involved. The table below includes types of sources that are often, though not always, secondary sources.

Secondary Sources

  • Biographies
  • Commentaries
  • Criticisms
  • Histories
  • Magazine articles
  • Nonfiction books (other than autobiographies)
  • Textbooks (may also be tertiary)

Tertiary Sources

Tertiary sources are typically compilations of or collections of primary and secondary sources.  Many reference works are considered tertiary sources.  The table below includes types of sources that are often, though not always, tertiary sources.

Tertiary Sources

  • Encyclopedias
  • Directories
  • Guidebooks
  • Handbooks
  • Textbooks (may also be secondary)