ChatGPT and Higher Education

Some research papers and blogs about AI in research and higher education

• ChatGPT: five priorities for research
  EAM Van Dis, J Bollen, W Zuidema, R van Rooij - Nature, 2023 - nature.com. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00288-7
  Hold on to human verification, Develop rules for accountability, Invest in truly open LLMs,Embrace the benefits of AI, Widen the debate
  
  Questions for debate - Issues for discussion at a forum about conversational AIs.
  • Which research tasks should or should not be outsourced to large language models (LLMs)?
  • Which academic skills and characteristics remain essential to researchers?
  • What steps in an AI-assisted research process require human verification?
  • How should research integrity and other policies be changed to address LLMs?
  • How should LLMs be incorporated into the education and training of researchers?
  • How can researchers and funders aid the development of independent open-source LLMs and ensure the models represent scientific knowledge accurately?
  • What quality standards should be expected of LLMs (for example, transparency, accuracy, bias and source crediting) and which stakeholders are responsible for the standards as well as the LLMs?
  • How can researchers ensure that LLMs promote equity in research, and avoid risks of widening inequities?
  • How should LLMs be used to enhance principles of open science?
  • What legal implications do LLMs have for scientific practice (for example, laws and regulations related to patents, copyright and ownership)?
   
• ChatGPT: A comprehensive review on background, applications, key challenges, bias, ethics, limitations and future scope https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266734522300024X
   
• Scientists used ChatGPT to generate an entire paper from scratch — but is it any good?

  By designing an autonomous system that fed prompts to the chatbot, researchers produced a paper that was fluent and insightful. Yet they still have concerns. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02218-z

• What academic research is ChatGPT accessing?
  https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-academic-research-chatgpt-accessing-danny-kingsley
   
• The Stickle-Brick Approach to Big AI Large language models could improve their performance by outsourcing tasks to specialist AIs By EDD GENT24 APR 2023
  https://spectrum.ieee.org/large-language-models
   
• Emergent abilities of large language models
  https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.07682.pdf?trk=cndc-detail
   

• Are Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models a Mirage?
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.15004

• Navigating the Jagged Technological Frontier: Field Experimental Evidence of the Effects of AI on Knowledge Worker Productivity and Quality Harvard Business School Technology & Operations Mgt. Unit Working Paper No. 24-013 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4573321
   
• ChatGPT cites the most-cited articles and journals, relying solely on Google Scholar's citation counts. As a result, AI may amplify the Matthew Effect in environmental …E Petiska - arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.06794
   
• ChatGPT listed as an author on research papers: many scientists disapprove
  https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00107-z At least four articles credit the AI tool as a co-author, as publishers scramble to regulate its use
   
• ChatGPT is fun, but not an author
  HH Thorp - Science, 2023 - science.org https://www.science.org/
   
• ChatGPT utility in healthcare education, research, and practice: systematic review on the promising perspectives and valid concerns M Sallam - Healthcare, 2023 - mdpi.com https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/6/887
   
• ChatGPT and a new academic reality: Artificial Intelligence‐written research papers and the ethics of the large language models in scholarly publishing  BD Lund, T Wang, NR Mannuru, B Nie… - Journal of the …, 2023 https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/asi.24750
   
• ChatGPT and the future of medical writing
  S Biswas - Radiology, 2023 - https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/radiol.223312
   
• Chatgpt as an educational tool: Opportunities, challenges, and recommendations for communication, business writing, and composition courses  MA AlAfnan, S Dishari, M Jovic… - Journal of Artificial …, 2023 https://ojs.istp-press.com/jait/article/download/184/178
   
• Can artificial intelligence help for scientific writing?
  M Salvagno, FS Taccone, AG Gerli - Critical care, 2023 - ccforum.biomedcentral.com https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-023-04380-2
   
• Reviewer fatigue or amplifying bias? Considerations and recommendations for use of ChatGPT and other Large Language Models in scholarly peer review M Hosseini, SPJM Horbach - Research Integrity and Peer Review, 2023 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41073-023-00133-5
   
• Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to original abstracts using an artificial intelligence output detector, plagiarism detector, and blinded human … CA Gao, FM Howard, NS Markov, EC Dyer, S Ramesh… 2022 https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.23.521610v1.full.pdf  | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.23.521610v1
   
• Artificial hallucinations in ChatGPT: implications in scientific writing
  H Alkaissi, SI McFarlane - Cureus, 2023 - cureus.com https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/editorial/pdf/138667/20230219-28928-6kcyip.pdf
   
• Academic Integrity considerations of AI Large Language Models in the post-pandemic era: ChatGPT and beyond  M Perkins - Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 2023 - https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3071&context=jutlp
   
• Chatting and cheating: Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT  DRE Cotton, PA Cotton, JR Shipway - Innovations in Education …, 2023 - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14703297.2023.2190148
   
• Stop Focusing on Plagiarism, Even Though ChatGPT Is Here. Create a Culture of Academic Integrity Instead by Martine Peters
  https://hbsp.harvard.edu/inspiring-minds/stop-focusing-on-plagiarism-even-though-chatgpt-is-here/?icid=top_nav
   
• Fabrication and errors in the bibliographic citations generated by ChatGPT
  William H. Walters & Esther Isabelle Wilder  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-41032-5
   
• Engineering education in the era of ChatGPT: Promise and pitfalls of generative AI for education  J Qadir - 2023 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference …, 2023 - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=10125121